Evidence for a Bilayer Structure in Gram-Negative Lipopolysaccharide: Relationship to Toxicity

Cell Envelope Structure and Functions in Gram-negative Bacteria

Transport of lipopolysaccharide to the Gram-negative bacterial cell surface.

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are major lipidic components of the outer membrane of most Gram-negative bacteria. They form a permeability barrier that protects these bacteria from harmful compounds in the environment. In addition, they are important signaling molecules for the innate immune system. The mechanism of transport of these molecules to the bacterial cell surface has remained enigmatic fo...

GRAM NEGATIVE BACILLI IN BURNS

In a period of nine months, 225 strains of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from burns were identified by a variety of tests in two burn centers in Tehran. The most common species were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Many strains of acinetobacter spp, providencia spp, proteus spp, ser...

Lipopolysaccharide modification in Gram-negative bacteria during chronic infection.

The Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of the outer membrane that plays a key role in host-pathogen interactions with the innate immune system. During infection, bacteria are exposed to a host environment that is typically dominated by inflammatory cells and soluble factors, including antibiotics, which provide cues about regulation of gene expression. Bacteri...

C1 inhibitor prevents Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced vascular permeability.

Gram-negative bacterial endotoxemia may lead to the pathological increase of vascular permeability with systemic vascular collapse, a vascular leak syndrome, multiple organ failure (MOF), and/or shock. Previous studies demonstrated that C1 inhibitor (C1INH) protects mice from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced lethal septic shock via a direct interaction with LPS. Here, we report that C1INH block...